¿Qué es el turismo sostenible?

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El turismo sostenible, una práctica cada vez más extendida entre los turistas con el paso de los años, consiste en fomentar un turismo respetuoso con el ecosistema, minimizando los impactos ambientales, sociales y económicos del turismo a la hora de viajar. Impulsar la sostenibilidad en el turismo es un elemento clave para concienciar a la población mundial sobre el cuidado del medio ambiente y los recursos naturales.

La Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT) define el turismo sostenible de la siguiente manera:

El turismo que tiene plenamente en cuenta las repercusiones actuales y futuras, económicas, sociales y medioambientales para satisfacer las necesidades de los visitantes, de la industria, del entorno y de las comunidades anfitrionas. UNWTO

Hoy en día, el turismo sostenible es el tipo de turismo ideal para promover el respeto por el medio ambiente y la sostenibilidad de nuestro planeta, acorde con los principios de sostenibilidad y la conservación de los recursos de los destinos turísticos.

Proteger el ecosistema, la fauna, la flora y la cultura local del destino que elijamos para pasar nuestras vacaciones, así como reducir nuestra huella de carbono, son factores esenciales que debemos tener muy en cuenta para vivir esta experiencia. Tanto los turistas como las empresas de turismo y los gobiernos locales tienen la responsabilidad de garantizar el correcto desarrollo de este tipo de turismo.

La Carta Europea de Turismo Sostenible en Espacios Naturales Protegidos (CETS), una iniciativa llevada a cabo por la Federación EUROPARC, persigue el objetivo de desarrollar el turismo sostenible en los espacios naturales protegidos de Europa. Para lograr este objetivo, se aplican los principios y valores de turismo sostenible, donde las empresas y gestores de dichos espacios naturales protegidos desarrollan sus estrategias de forma conjunta.

¿Cuáles son los objetivos del turismo sostenible?

Antes de comenzar a desarrollar los objetivos que persigue este tipo de turismo comprometido con la sostenibilidad del planeta, debes saber que la base del turismo sostenible se cimienta bajo tres pilares fundamentales: medioambiental, social y económico. Su premisa fundamental se basa en reducir el impacto del turismo en las comunidades locales y el medio ambiente.

La Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT) determina los 3 objetivos principales para que el turismo sea sostenible:

  1. Optimizar los recursos medioambientales: Consiste en hacer un uso eficiente de los recursos naturales, cuidando el entorno natural y la diversidad biológica que nos rodea, elementos esenciales para que pueda haber turismo.
  2. Respetar la autenticidad sociocultural de las comunidades anfitrionas: Para que un turismo sea considerado como sostenible, es fundamental cuidar y proteger la cultura autóctona, promoviendo los valores culturales, la diversidad y el patrimonio que caracterizan a dicha sociedad.
  3. Distribución de la riqueza: El turismo sostenible garantiza un equilibrio en la distribución de los beneficios socioeconómicos, promoviendo la creación de empleo y la reducción de los niveles de pobreza.

¿Cuáles son los beneficios del turismo sostenible?

Los principales beneficios que nos ofrece el turismo sostenible para que un viaje se pueda considerar como responsable son:

  • Adopta estrategias para garantizar el futuro a largo plazo de las comunidades locales, la industria del turismo, los turistas y el planeta.
  • Ayuda a comprender los impactos que genera el turismo en el medio natural, cultural y humano.
  • Contribuye a reactivar las zonas rurales.
  • Conserva la vida silvestre protegiendo el medio ambiente.
  • Crea empleo local, financia de proyectos locales y estimula la economía local.
  • Desarrolla métodos para una adecuada responsabilidad ambiental y neutraliza los efectos negativos.
  • Pone en valor la importancia de los recursos naturales y culturales para el bienestar económico y social de la comunidad local.
  • Preserva el patrimonio histórico y cultural.
  • Reduce la contaminación ambiental.

Turismo como herramienta de desarrollo sostenible

El turismo es una de las mayores industrias que existen a nivel mundial. Es una de las herramientas principales para el desarrollo sostenible, ya que tiene el objetivo primordial de lograr que el turismo sea un motor de cambio positivo, además de contribuir para que el mundo sea más sostenible y goce de buena salud.

En el año 2015, bajo la atenta mirada de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), las empresas, los gobiernos y las personas del mundo acordaron alcanzar los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) fijados por la Agenda 2030.

Los ODS relacionados con el sector turístico sostenible son los siguientes:

Objetivo 4: Educación de calidad

Objetivo 5: Igualdad de género

Objetivo 8: Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico

Objetivo 12: Producción y consumo responsable

Fuentes: Redacción Ambientum, OMT, ONU

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